Virtual Experiences LabUniversity of Georgia
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Papers and articles

Papers and articles from the lab, newest first. Also on Google Scholar.

Recent highlights

2026

  1. An introduction to virtual reality-based Targeted Brain Rehabilitation to treat phantom limb pain in the upper extremity amputee population
    C. Chandler, R. Serbin, J. Frix, M. Siebert, K. Johnsen, E. Bowmar, R. Gaston, B. Loeffler
    Journal of Hand Therapy
    Project
  2. A Ground Mobile Robot for Autonomous Terrestrial Laser Scanning-Based Field Phenotyping
    J. Rodriguez-Sanchez, K. Johnsen, C. Li
    Journal of Field Robotics
  3. Evaluating Real-time Point Cloud Visualization in Quadrupedal Robot Teleoperation
    J. Smothers, A. Rukangu, K. Johnsen
    ACM Symposium on Spatial User Interaction (SUI '26)
    Project

2025

  1. Immediate Postoperative Virtual Reality Therapy for Phantom Limb Pain in Multiextremity Amputees
    J. Frix, R. Serbin, M. Rieker, K. Johnsen, E. Bowmar, B. Loeffler, R. Gaston
    JBJS Case Connector 15(4)
    Project
  2. Prophylactically Limiting Phantom Limb Pain using Collaborative Virtual Reality
    K. Johnsen, J. Frix, R. Serbin, G. Gaston, B. Loeffler, E. Bowmar, S. J. Ahn
    IEEE VR 2025 Abstracts and Workshops (VRW)
    Project
  3. Unveiling Undergraduate Research: Employing Ecological Momentary Assessment to Characterize and Compare Undergraduate Research Experiences
    Y. Mendez, B. Listyg, C. Mardones-Segovia, B. Bowers, et al., K. Johnsen, S. Wang, A. Cohen, J. Lugo, E. Dolan
    CBE—Life Sciences Education 24(4)
  4. A Novel Computational Framework of Robot Trust for Human-Robot Teams
    B. Nare, J. Frericks, A. Challa, P. Doshi, K. Johnsen
    IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA 2025)
    Project
  5. Aerial imagery and Segment Anything Model for architectural trait phenotyping to support genetic analysis in peanut breeding
    J. Rodriguez-Sanchez, R. Da Silva, Y. Chu, L. Rodriguez, J. Zhang, K. Johnsen, P. Ozias-Akins, C. Li
    Plant Phenomics 7
  6. Virtual and Physical Robots in Engineering Education: A Study on Motivation and Learning with Augmented Reality
    A. Rukangu, J. Morelock, K. Johnsen, D. Moyaki
    Computers in Education Journal (CoED) 14(3)
    Project
  7. Drawn Together: A Collocated Mixed Reality Sketching and Annotation Experience
    A. Rukangu, E. Bowmar, S. J. Ahn, B. Morkos, K. Johnsen
    IEEE VR 2025 Abstracts and Workshops (VRW)
    Project
  8. Targeted Brain Rehabilitation: Development, Feasibility, and Usability of a Novel Virtual Reality System for Phantom Limb Pain Management and Amputee Rehabilitation
    R. Serbin, J. Frix, E. Bowmar, K. Johnsen, M. Siebert, G. Ahn, B. Loeffler, R. Gaston
    The Journal of Hand Surgery
    Project

2024

  1. Virtual fitness buddy ecosystem: a mixed reality precision health physical activity intervention for children
    S. J. Ahn, M. Schmidt, A. Tate, S. Rathbun, J. Annesi, L. Hahn, E. Novotny, C. Okitondo, R. Grimsley, K. Johnsen
    npj Digital Medicine 7:134
    Project
  2. Trust and Collaboration Testing in Controlled Human-Robot Environments
    J. Frericks, B. Kang, N. Outland, P. Doshi, K. Johnsen, A. Schecter
    IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Machine Intelligence (CogMI 2024)
    Project
  3. Cotton morphological traits tracking through spatiotemporal registration of terrestrial laser scanning time-series data
    J. Rodriguez-Sanchez, J. Snider, K. Johnsen, C. Li
    Frontiers in Plant Science 15

2023

  1. Systems and methods for peanut sorting and grading
    Z Zhao, TH Tse, D Leo, K Johnsen, R Li, BL Boland
    US Patent 11,707,768
  2. Agreement between Fitbit and ActiGraph Estimates of Physical Activity in Young Children
    MD Schmidt, SL Rathbun, Z Chu, BD Boudreaux, L Hahn, E Novotny, ...
    Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science 27 (2), 171-180
  3. Versatile Mixed-method Locomotion under Free-hand and Controller-based Virtual Reality Interfaces
    A Franzluebbers, K Johnsen
    Proceedings of the 29th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and …
  4. Mediating social support through sensor-based technologies for children’s health behavior change
    J Baldwin, J Lee, AD Tate, CD Okitondo, K Johnsen, MD Schmidt, ...
    Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 28 (5), zmad011
  5. Virtual Reality For Robot Control and Programming in Undergraduate Engineering Courses
    A Rukangu, JR Morelock, K Johnsen
    2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

2022

  1. Peanut maturity grading systems and methods
    TH Tse, B Boland, D Leo, K Johnsen, S Patel, Z Zhao
    US Patent 11,317,570
  2. Toward VR in VR: Assessing Engagement and Social Interaction in a Virtual Conference
    C Moreira, FPM Simões, MJW Lee, ER Zorzal, RW Lindeman, JM Pereira, ...
    IEEE Access 11, 1906-1922
  3. Virtual reality point cloud annotation
    A Franzluebbers, C Li, A Paterson, K Johnsen
    Proceedings of the 2022 ACM Symposium on Spatial User Interaction, 1-11

2021

  1. IEEEVR2020: Exploring the first steps toward standalone virtual conferences
    SJ Ahn, L Levy, A Eden, AS Won, B MacIntyre, K Johnsen
    Frontiers in Virtual Reality 2, 648575
  2. Virtual reality for remote controlled robotics in engineering education
    A Rukangu, A Tuttle, K Johnsen
    2021 IEEE conference on virtual reality and 3D user interfaces abstracts and …
  3. Deepfake portraits in augmented reality for museum exhibits
    N Wynn, K Johnsen, N Gonzalez
    2021 IEEE international symposium on mixed and augmented reality adjunct …
  4. Collaborative virtual reality training experience for engineering land surveying
    A Franzluebbers, AJ Tuttle, K Johnsen, S Durham, R Baffour
    Cross Reality and Data Science in Engineering: Proceedings of the 17th …
    Project
  5. Comparing Virtual Constraints and a Physical Stylus for Planar Writing and Drawing in Virtual Reality
    B Bowers, AJ Tuttle, A Rukangu, A Franzluebbers, C Ball, K Johnsen
    2021 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and …
  6. Scaling the virtual fitness buddy ecosystem as a school-based physical activity intervention for children
    C Ball, E Novotny, SJ Ahn, L Hahn, MD Schmidt, SL Rathbun, K Johnsen
    IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 42 (1), 105-115
    Project
  7. Development of a smartphone-based peanut data logging system
    R Li, Z Zhao, WS Monfort, K Johnsen, ZTH Tse, DJ Leo
    Precision Agriculture 22, 1006-1018

2020

  1. Comparison of command-based vs. reality-based interaction in a veterinary medicine training application
    A Franzluebbers, S Platt, K Johnsen
    Frontiers in Virtual Reality 1, 608853
    Project
  2. Virtual Family Room: Bridging the Long Distance
    A Rukangu, A Franzluebbers, A Tuttle, K Mattingly, C O’Neal, D Robinson, ...
    2020 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and …
    Project
  3. Using virtual agents to increase physical activity in young children with the virtual fitness buddy ecosystem: Study protocol for a cluster randomized trial
    L Hahn, MD Schmidt, SL Rathbun, K Johnsen, JJ Annesi, SJG Ahn
    Contemporary clinical trials 99, 106181
    Project
  4. Smartphone Application for Assessing Peanut Maturity
    Z Zhao, BL Boland, FG Mohammadi, WS Monfort, K Johnsen, TH Zion, ...
    Transactions of the ASABE 63 (2), 339-344
  5. Agreement Between Fitbit And Actigraph Estimates Of Physical Activity In Young Children: 636 May 27 2: 15 PM-2: 30 PM
    MD Schmidt, S Rathbun, Z Chu, BD Boudreaux, L Hahn, K Johnsen, ...
    Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 52 (7S), 165
  6. Using virtual agents and activity monitors to autonomously track and assess self-determined physical activity among young children: a 6-week feasibility field study
    L Hahn, SL Rathbun, MD Schmidt, K Johnsen, JJ Annesi, SJ Ahn
    Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 23 (7), 471-478
  7. Making it simple: Expanding access and lowering barriers to novel interaction devices for virtual and augmented reality
    B Bowers, A Rukangu, K Johnsen
    2020 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and …

2019

  1. Virtual Reality Case Studies in Fluid Mechanics: Development, Student Performance and Feedback
    K Johnsen, S Savadatti
    2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
  2. Design and field study of motion-based informal learning games for a children’s museum
    C Ball, SJ Ahn, K Johnsen
    2019 IEEE 5th workshop on everyday virtual reality (WEVR), 1-6
  3. Building and Interfacing Input and Output Devices
    K Johnsen
    VR Developer Gems, 515-527
  4. V-Rod: Floor Interaction in VR
    A Rukangu, AJ Tuttle, A Franzluebbers, K Johnsen
    Symposium on Spatial User Interaction, 1-2
  5. Points-based reward systems in gamification impact children’s physical activity strategies and psychological needs
    SJ Ahn, K Johnsen, C Ball
    Health Education & Behavior 46 (3), 417-425
  6. Feeling the weight of calories: Using haptic feedback as virtual exemplars to promote risk perception among young females on unhealthy snack choices
    SJ Ahn, JM Hahm, K Johnsen
    Media Psychology 22 (4), 626-652
  7. Symposium on Spatial User Interaction
    CW Borst, AK Kulshreshth, G Bruder, S Serafin, C Sandor, K Johnsen, ...
    ACM
  8. Facilitating collaborative engineering analysis problem solving in immersive virtual reality
    AJ Tuttle, K Johnsen, S Savadatti
    2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

2018

  1. Camera-Geometry Interpenetration in Virtual Reality
    B Burgh, K Johnsen
    IEEE Virtual Reality 2018 Workshop on Everyday Virtual Reality
  2. Performance benefits of high-fidelity passive haptic feedback in virtual reality training
    A Franzluebbers, K Johnsen
    Proceedings of the 2018 ACM Symposium on Spatial User Interaction, 16-24
  3. Navigating a maze differently-a user study
    A Basu, K Johnsen
    arXiv preprint arXiv:1805.09454

2017

  1. Getting close to domain users: VR and AR in support of application domains
    A Sadagic, A Rizzo, H Kaufmann, JP Bliss, K Johnsen
    IEEE
  2. Virtual reality mediated instruction and learning
    M Melatti, K Johnsen
    2017 IEEE Virtual Reality Workshop on K-12 Embodied Learning through Virtual …
  3. Exploring a Virtual Reality Simulation to Aid Inductive Learning of Fluid Pressure Characteristics
    S Savadatti, K Johnsen
    2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
  4. Filtering world-in-miniature: visual analytics for immersive virtual experiences
    C Ball, K Johnsen
    Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on Spatial User Interaction, 156-156
  5. Effects of tracking scale on user performance in virtual reality games
    B Burgh, K Johnsen
    2017 IEEE 3rd Workshop on Everyday Virtual Reality (WEVR), 1-4

2016

  1. Effects of user physical fitness on performance in virtual reality
    A Basu, C Ball, B Manning, K Johnsen
    2016 IEEE symposium on 3D user interfaces (3DUI), 233-234
  2. Mobile tracked displays as engaging and effective learning platforms
    E Tanner, S Savadatti, B Manning, K Johnsen
    2016 IEEE Virtual Reality Workshop on K-12 Embodied Learning through Virtual …
  3. Development and use of an interactive computerized dog model to evaluate cranial nerve knowledge in veterinary students
    K Bogert, S Platt, A Haley, M Kent, G Edwards, H Dookwah, K Johnsen
    Journal of veterinary medical education 43 (1), 26-32
    Project
  4. Participatory Sensing Marine Debris: Current Trends and Future Opportunities
    J Jambeck, K Johnsen
    American Geophysical Union 2016, HI44A-1832
  5. Improving interaction in hmd-based vehicle simulators through real time object reconstruction
    M Bottone, K Johnsen
    Proceedings of the 2016 Symposium on Spatial User Interaction, 111-120
  6. Usability and cognitive benefits of a mobile tracked display in virtual laboratories for engineering education
    E Tanner, S Savadatti, B Manning, K Johnsen
    2016 IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces (3DUI), 269-270
  7. Advancing virtual patient simulations through design research and interPLAY: part I: design and development
    A Hirumi, A Kleinsmith, K Johnsen, S Kubovec, M Eakins, K Bogert, ...
    Educational Technology Research and Development 64, 763-785
    Project
  8. Advancing virtual patient simulations through design research and interPLAY: part II—integration and field test
    A Hirumi, T Johnson, RJ Reyes, B Lok, K Johnsen, DJ Rivera-Gutierrez, ...
    Educational technology research and development 64, 1301-1335
    Project
  9. Using virtual pets to increase fruit and vegetable consumption in children: A technology-assisted social cognitive theory approach
    SJ Ahn, K Johnsen, J Moore, S Brown, M Biersmith, C Ball
    Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 19 (2), 86-92
    Project
  10. Will they recycle? Design and implementation of eco-feedback technology to promote on-the-go recycling in a university environment
    E Mozo-Reyes, JR Jambeck, P Reeves, K Johnsen
    Resources, Conservation and Recycling 114, 72-79
  11. An accessible platform for everyday educational virtual reality
    C Ball, K Johnsen
    2016 IEEE 2nd Workshop on Everyday Virtual Reality (WEVR), 26-31

2015

  1. Using virtual pets to promote physical activity in children: An application of the youth physical activity promotion model
    SJ Ahn, K Johnsen, T Robertson, J Moore, S Brown, A Marable, A Basu
    Journal of health communication 20 (7), 807-815
    Project
  2. Music creation systems and methods
    TP Robertson, KJ Johnsen, A Brown, B Ruggieri
    US Patent App. 14/648,040
  3. Citizen-based litter and marine debris data collection and mapping
    JR Jambeck, K Johnsen
    Computing in Science & Engineering 17 (4), 20-26

2014

  1. 319: ASSESSING PARENT UNDERSTANDING OF THE “ASTHMA ACTION PLAN” EDUCATION USING INTERACTIVE MOBILE APP.
    R Mehta, K Johnsen, E Perry
    Critical Care Medicine 42 (12), A1437
  2. Board# 315-Technology Innovation Assessing Parent Understanding of Asthma Action Plan Education Using Interactive Parent Quiz (Submission# 8948)
    R Mehta, K Johnsen, EJ Perry
    Simulation in Healthcare 9 (6), 489-490
  3. Smart Recycling System
    J Jambeck, K Johnsen, E Mozo-Reyes, C Sweet
    US Patent App. 14/025,180
  4. Mixed reality virtual pets to reduce childhood obesity
    K Johnsen, SJ Ahn, J Moore, S Brown, TP Robertson, A Marable, A Basu
    IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 20 (4), 523-530
    Project
  5. Effects of tibial plateau angle and spacer thickness applied during in vitro canine total knee replacement on three-dimensional kinematics and collateral ligament strain
    KM Baker, TL Foutz, KJ Johnsen, SC Budsberg
    American journal of veterinary research 75 (9), 792-799
  6. Virtual patient simulations and optimal social learning context: A replication of an aptitude–treatment interaction effect
    TR Johnson, R Lyons, R Kopper, KJ Johnsen, BC Lok, JC Cendan
    Medical teacher 36 (6), 486-494
    Project
  7. Ubiquitous virtual reality ‘To-Go’
    A Basu, K Johnsen
    2014 IEEE Virtual Reality (VR), 161-162

2013

  1. Smart Building Systems for Adaptation to the Coming Smart Grid
    TM Lawrence, RT Watson, MC Boudreau, K Johnsen, J Mohammadpour, ...
    Proceedings Clima
  2. Immersive virtual reality on-the-go
    A Basu, K Johnsen, K Bogert, P Wins
    2013 IEEE Virtual Reality (VR), 193-194
  3. Poster: Evolution and usability of ubiquitous immersive 3D interfaces
    A Basu, K Johnsen, K Bogert
    2013 IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces (3DUI), 131-132
  4. Design of a demand response system: Economics and information systems alignment
    RT Watson, TM Lawrence, MC Boudreau, KJ Johnsen

2012

  1. A new paradigm for the design and management of building systems
    TM Lawrence, RT Watson, MC Boudreau, K Johnsen, J Perry, L Ding
    Energy and buildings 51, 56-63
  2. Immersive 3dui on one dollar a day
    A Basu, C Saupe, E Refour, A Raij, K Johnsen
    2012 IEEE symposium on 3D user interfaces (3DUI), 97-100
  3. Ubiquitous collaborative activity virtual environments
    A Basu, A Raij, K Johnsen
    Proceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on Computer Supported Cooperative …
  4. Do-it-yourself interface device prototyping for virtual reality
    P Wins, A Basu, K Johnsen
    International Journal of Virtual Reality 11 (3), 43-48
  5. User response to the simulation of a virtual patient with cranial nerve injury
    C Lin, C Laserna, DS Lind, C Kalaria, T Aryal, B Lok, K Johnsen, ...
    Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems 8 (1), 1
    Project
  6. Off-the-Shelf Electronics Prototyping for Virtual Reality
    P Wins, A Basu, K Johnsen
    IEEE VR Workshop on Off-the-Shelf Virtual Reality

2011

  1. Effectiveness of Simulating a Cranial Nerve Examination Using a Virtual Patient and the Nintendo Wiimote (R)
    C Lin, C Laserna, DS Lind, C Kalaria, K Johnsen, J Waller, H Shah, ...
    NEUROLOGY 76 (9), A381-A381
    Project
  2. NERVE-A three-dimensional patient simulation for evaluating cranial nerve function
    M Peden, JH Chuah, A Kotranza, K Johnsen, B Lok, J Cendan
    MedEdPORTAL 7, 8255
    Project

2010

  1. Show some respect! The impact of technological factors on the treatment of virtual humans in conversational training systems
    K Johnsen, B Rossen, D Beck, B Lok, DS Lind
    2010 IEEE Virtual Reality Conference (VR), 275-276
  2. Teaching Cranial Nerve Examination Using a Virtual Patient and the Nintendo Wiimote (R): Preliminary Evaluation
    C Kalaria, C Lin, K Johnsen, DS Lind, A Kotranza, C Laserna, T Aryal, ...
    NEUROLOGY 74 (9), A25-A25
    Project
  3. NERVE-2: A Three-Dimensional Patient Simulation of Oculomotor Nerve Palsy
    M Peden, JH Chuah, A Kotranza, K Johnsen, B Lok, J Cendan
    MedEdPORTAL 6, 8383
    Project
  4. Simulation of a Virtual Patient with Cranial Nerve Injury Augments Physician-Learner Concern for Patient Safety.
    A Kotranza, J Cendan, K Johnsen, B Lok
    Bio Algorithms Med Syst. 6 (11), 25-34
    Project
  5. A Mixed Reality Virtual Patient Breast Simulator with an Innovative Feedback System Improves Communication and Breast Examination Skills.
    A Kotranza, B Lok, K Johnsen, JI Carrick, C Laserna, B Rosson, MA Park, ...
    Bio Algorithms Med Syst. 6 (11), 109
  6. The impact of a mixed reality display configuration on user behavior with a virtual human
    K Johnsen, D Beck, B Lok
    Intelligent Virtual Agents: 10th International Conference, IVA 2010 …
  7. Could This Be Cancer? Self-Reflection of Emapthetic Responses Using an Immersive “Through the Eyes of a Virtual Patient” Feedback System
    A Gucwa, A Raij, A Kotranza, J Beatty, B Rosson, C Laserna, M Park, ...
    Journal of Surgical Research 158 (2), 182

2009

  1. Virtual multi-tools for hand and tool-based interaction with life-size virtual human agents
    A Kotranza, K Johnsen, J Cendan, B Miller, DS Lind, B Lok
    2009 IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces, 23-30

2008

  1. Virtual humans elicit skin-tone bias consistent with real-world skin-tone biases
    B Rossen, K Johnsen, A Deladisma, S Lind, B Lok
    Intelligent Virtual Agents: 8th International Conference, IVA 2008, Tokyo …
  2. Design and validation of a virtual human system for interpersonal skills education
    KJ Johnsen
    University of Florida
  3. Medical student satisfaction using a virtual patient system to learn history-taking communication skills.
    AM Deladisma, K Johnsen, A Raij, B Rossen, A Kotranza, M Kalapurakal, ...
    Studies in health technology and informatics 132, 101-105
  4. An evaluation of immersive displays for virtual human experiences
    K Johnsen, B Lok
    2008 IEEE virtual reality conference, 133-136

2007

  1. Do medical students respond empathetically to a virtual patient?
    AM Deladisma, M Cohen, A Stevens, P Wagner, B Lok, T Bernard, ...
    The American Journal of Surgery 193 (6), 756-760
  2. The validity of a virtual human system for interpersonal skills education
    K Johnsen, A Raij, A Stevens, DS Lind, B Lok
    ACM SIGCHI 10 (1240624.1240784)
  3. Comparing interpersonal interactions with a virtual human to those with a real human
    AB Raij, K Johnsen, RF Dickerson, BC Lok, MS Cohen, M Duerson, ...
    IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics 13 (3), 443-457
  4. The validity of a virtual human experience for interpersonal skills education
    K Johnsen, A Raij, A Stevens, DS Lind, B Lok
    Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems …

2006

  1. A multi-institutional pilot study to evaluate the use of virtual patients to teach health professions students history-taking and communication skills
    T Bernard, A Stevens, P Wagner, N Bernard, C Oxendine, K Johnsen, ...
    Simulation in Healthcare 1 (2), 92-93
  2. Evolving an immersive medical communication skills trainer
    K Johnsen, R Dickerson, A Raij, C Harrison, B Lok, A Stevens, DS Lind
    Presence 15 (1), 33-46
  3. Interpersonal Scenarios: Virtual\approx Real?
    A Raij, K Johnsen, R Dickerson, B Lok, M Cohen, T Bernard, C Oxendine, ...
    IEEE Virtual Reality Conference (VR 2006), 59-66
  4. The use of virtual patients to teach medical students history taking and communication skills
    A Stevens, J Hernandez, K Johnsen, R Dickerson, A Raij, C Harrison, ...
    The American Journal of Surgery 191 (6), 806-811
  5. Virtual patients: assessment of synthesized versus recorded speech
    R Dickerson, K Johnsen, A Raij, B Lok, A Stevens, T Bernard, DS Lind
    Stud Health Technol Inform 119, 114-119
  6. Applying virtual reality in medical communication education: current findings and potential teaching and learning benefits of immersive virtual patients
    B Lok, RE Ferdig, A Raij, K Johnsen, R Dickerson, J Coutts, A Stevens, ...
    Virtual Reality 10, 185-195

2005

  1. Experiences in using immersive virtual characters to educate medical communication skills
    K Johnsen, R Dickerson, A Raij, B Lok, J Jackson, M Shin, J Hernandez, ...
    IEEE Proceedings. VR 2005. Virtual Reality, 2005., 179-186
  2. Evaluating a script-based approach for simulating patient-doctor interaction
    R Dickerson, K Johnsen, A Raij, B Lok, J Hernandez, A Stevens, DS Lind
    Proceedings of the International Conference of Human-Computer Interface …